茶树花青素形成分子机理的研究进展

花青素是由类黄酮合成途径产生的次生代谢产物,含量高时会使茶树新梢呈现红色或紫色。同时,花青素相比儿茶素等具有更明显的抗氧化、预防肿瘤等药理保健作用。文章就茶树花青素合成途径、转录及转录后调控等方面进行综述,以期更好地为高花青素茶树的育种研究提供理论依据。     

论茶的君子品德

新时代下，茶文化有了更大的发展和普及，茶德的提出使得茶文化上升为一种深层次、高品位的哲学思想范畴，旨在追求真善美的境界和道德风尚。历代古人将“仁”、“知”、“勇”等定义为君子的品德，本文从茶的平和里仁、睿智超然、坚贞清廉三个方面展开，初步论述了茶的君子品德。     

2013年湘茶出口总结与思考

简述了2013年湘茶出口概况,指出了存在的问题和不足,并应对湘茶出口瓶颈提出了措施和建议。     

安吉白茶对柱状黄杆菌抑菌机理的研究

为探讨安吉白茶对柱状黄杆菌的抑菌机理,本试验通过测定安吉白茶提取液与细菌作用前后培养液电导率和紫外吸收物的变化,以及菌体磷代谢和可溶糖的变化,初步阐明了安吉白茶对柱状黄杆菌的抑菌机理。研究结果显示,经安吉白茶提取液处理后,细菌培养液的电导率和可溶糖浓度均增大,菌悬液中的紫外吸收物也随作用时间的延长而增加,表明安吉白茶提取液可破坏细胞膜的结构、导致细胞通透性增加,进而使细胞内容物外泄。此外,经安吉白茶处理后的柱状黄杆菌对磷的消耗量降低,以致严重影响了核酸、磷脂等细胞重要成分的合成及能量代谢,导致细菌正常生理功能的丧失。结果表明,安吉白茶可通过破坏菌体细胞膜及干扰磷代谢等途径抑制柱状黄杆菌的生长。     

Effects of supplementation with green tea by‐products on growth performance,meat quality,blood metabolites and immune cell proliferation in goats

Forty‐eight castrated male goats were used to determine the effects of feeding green tea by‐products (GTB) on growth performance, meat quality, blood metabolites and immune cell proliferation. Experimental treatments consisted of basal diets supplemented with four levels of GTB (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% or 2.0%). Four replicate pens were assigned to each treatment with three goats per replicate. Increasing dietary GTB tended to linearly increase the overall average weight gain and feed intake (p = 0.09). Water holding capacity, pH and sensory attributes of meat were not affected by GTB supplementation, while cooking loss was reduced both linearly and quadratically (p < 0.01). The redness (linear; p = 0.02, quadratic; p < 0.01) and yellowness (quadratic; p < 0.01) values of goat meat were improved by GTB supplementation. Increasing dietary GTB quadratically increased protein and decreased crude fat (p < 0.05), while linearly decreased cholesterol (p = 0.03) content of goat meat. The proportions of monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and n‐6 PUFA increased linearly (p < 0.01) and n‐3 PUFA increased quadratically (p < 0.05) as GTB increased in diets. Increasing dietary GTB linearly increased the PUFA/SFA (saturated fatty acid) and tended to linearly and quadratically increase (p ≤ 0.10) the n‐6/n‐3 ratio. The thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances values of meat were lower in the 2.0% GTB‐supplemented group in all storage periods (p < 0.05). Dietary GTB linearly decreased plasma glucose and cholesterol (p < 0.01) and quadratically decreased urea nitrogen concentrations (p = 0.001). The growth of spleen cells incubated in concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharides medium increased significantly (p < 0.05) in response to GTB supplementation. Our results suggest that GTB may positively affect the growth performance, meat quality, blood metabolites and immune cell proliferation when supplemented as a feed additive in goat diet.     

摇青和揉捻工艺对白茶生化成分和感官品质的影响

为开发高香型白茶产品,本研究以黄观音茶树品种驻芽小开面三、四叶为原料,以传统白茶工艺为对照（CK）,以室内自然萎凋过程中引入摇青（YQ）、揉捻（RN）、摇青加揉捻（YQ+RN）为处理,对比分析不同工艺对黄观音白茶香气物质的含量与组成、生化成分含量及成茶品质的影响。结果表明,黄观音茶树品种鲜叶内含物质比较丰富、组成比较合理;各处理成茶香气成分的种类和含量丰富：种类在101~106个之间、相对含量占提取物总量的78.10%~ 84.26%,与CK相比,处理组对白茶主要香气成分的总量和种类,以及香气成分的构成影响显著;各处理之间,成茶的生化成分含量差异显著,其中茶多酚等10个生化成分以CK含量最高,茶黄素等3个生化成分以YQ最高,黄酮类等3个生化成分以RN最高,茶褐素以YQ+RN最高;成茶感官品质综合得分由高到低依次为：YQ>YQ+RN>CK>RN,且处理之间差异显著。综合分析,认为YQ所制白茶品质优异,具有花香型白茶的品质特征。     

杀青方式对机采绿茶理化品质的影响

为了提高茶树机采绿茶杀青品质,以机采鲜叶为原料,比较微波、汽热、电热滚筒和电磁滚筒耦合热风4种杀青方式所制机采绿茶的感官品质、茶叶内含成分、色泽和香气。结果显示：电磁滚筒耦合热风杀青所制绿茶的感官得分（89分）最高,所制干茶的色相值（a/b）相对更绿（p<0.01）,酚氨比较低（p<0.05）,非酯型儿茶素、酯型儿茶素和儿茶素总量也相对较低（p<0.01）;电磁滚筒杀青所制绿茶的栗香型成分含量较高,如藏红花醛、癸醛、β-环柠檬醛、庚醛和3,7-二甲基-2,6-二辛烯醛等高级醛类,香叶基丙酮、β-紫罗酮和1-戊烯-3-酮,反式-2-辛烯醇、芳樟醇、反式-橙花叔醇等,以及二甲硫、2-甲基呋喃和1-乙基吡咯等杂环化合物,说明电磁滚筒耦合热风杀青集成了不同工艺特点,所制机采绿茶滋味鲜爽,栗香明显,该工艺有利于提高机采绿茶品质,对实际生产具有指导作用。     

适宜茶园套种的绿肥型油菜资源筛选及初步应用

为推广生态茶园的油菜绿肥套种模式，于2017-2018年在茶园系统筛选和评价适宜套种的油菜资源。比较23个不同油菜品种（品系）的盛花期鲜草的生长与养分还田量，结果发现：茶园套种油菜的生物量、株高、养分还田量等指标表现存在差异；种植后根际土pH、有机质、碱解氮含量发生改变或提升。综合比较分现，品种阳光131、 圣光86和中双11表现相对较好：单株生物量达0.81～1.00 kg；植株养分还田量高，三者的氮磷钾养分还田量分别为 49.21～72.48 kg/hm2、12.64～17.40 kg/hm2和33.64～56.29 kg/hm2，可基本满足茶青的生长需求，且三个品种种植后土壤有效养分和有机质的改善较为明显。大地69和油肥1号株高相对较矮，适宜在低龄或矮枞茶园中套种。于2018-2019年探索油菜品种阳光131作为绿肥在不同树龄的茶园套种的应用，发现土壤的有机质含量显著改善，pH 值显著提升。综上，认为优选油菜品种应用于冬季茶/油菜（绿肥）套种模式